Potential Benefits & Risks of Mammograms


 


Question 19: Should I get a mammogram?

Answer 19: There are differing opinions in the medical community about the value of mammograms in women under age 50, as shown in  Chart 1. Some feel that even if only a few deaths are prevented, the time, worry, extra diagnostic tests and discomfort are worth it. Others may feel it is not worthwhile since so few deaths are prevented by early detection and that the risks of having a mammogram outweigh the potential benefits. Others feel the benefits and risks are sufficiently mixed that women should weigh the potential benefits and risks and make a personal decision.

There are also differing opinions in the medical community about the value of mammograms in women age 70 and older. Some feel that women should continue to have mammograms if a woman is in good health and does not have co-morbid diseases and chronic medical problems. Others may feel it is not worthwhile since early detection will increase the rate of surgical treatment of small invasive cancer and DCIS (see question 17) with little hope of impacting overall mortality given that older women in general have shorter life expectancies and higher risk of death from heart attacks and strokes than younger women. Others feel the benefits and harms are sufficiently mixed that an older woman should weigh the potential benefits and harms and make a personal decision.

Most agree that the following women should consider having routine mammograms:

  • women who have already had breast cancer at any age
  • women with a family history of breast cancer in a mother, sister, or daughter
  • women age 50 to 69 years old


Chart 1
Recommendations by Organizations Regarding Routine Mammograms in Women Under Age 50
Do Not Recommend Do Recommend
American College of Physicians American Cancer Society
International Agency for Research on Cancer American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology
American Academy of Family Practice American College of Radiology
Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Exam National Cancer Institute

References:
Mettlin C, Smart CR. Breast cancer detection guidelines for women aged 40 to 49 years: rationale for the American Cancer Society reaffirmation of recommendations. CA Cancer J Clin 1994;44:248-255.
American College Radiology. Policy Statement: Guidelines for Mammography. Reston, VA: American College of Radiology, 1982.
Eddy DM (ed). Common screening tests. Philadelphia, American College of Physicians, 1991.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to clinical preventive services. (2nd ed.) Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. The periodic health examination. 2. 1985 update. Can Med Assoc J 1986;134:724-727.




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